Journal of Science and Education (JSE)

Impulsive buying in Live Streaming Commerce: The Role of Flow Experience, Parasocial Interaction and Immersion Relationship

S Sipur, Jaman Amadi — Mon, 06 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The paradigm shifts and changes in consumer behavior have evolved alongside technological advancements and the progress of time. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of online media has become widespread, including buying and selling activities. The increasing interest in online shopping has led many shopping centers to go bankrupt, which also impacts local tax revenues. This study aims to analyze the influence of flow experience, parasocial interaction, and immersion on impulsive buying tendencies in e-commerce live streaming. Data were collected from 400 respondents who are active users of live streaming platforms such as Shopee, TikTok, and Instagram in Medan. The study was conducted in 2024. The research employed the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) method and was analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The study consisted of two phases: the Pilot Test and the Main Test. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The results show that in the goodness of fit test, two indices met the criteria: CMIN/DF (3.576), CFI (0.915), and SRMR (0.07). However, one index, RMSEA (0.085), did not meet the criteria. The SEM analysis results indicate that the standardized coefficient β > 0 and the p-value ≤ 0.05, showing that the hypothesis is accepted. Thus, there is a relationship between flow experience (p < 0.05), parasocial interaction (p < 0.01), and immersion (p < 0.001) on impulsive buying tendencies. This study also shows that the stronger the consumers' flow experience and parasocial involvement, the more likely they are to make impulsive purchases during live streaming

Implementation of Digital Financial Literacy in the Investment Decision-Making System for the Community of Padangsidimpuan City using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method

Nirmalahaty Harahap, Wisnu Yudhistira, Rizaldy Khair, Khairunnisa Almadany — Mon, 06 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In today's digital era, digital financial literacy plays a crucial role in shaping the behavior and investment decisions of the community. Padangsidimpuan City, one of the cities in Indonesia, faces challenges in adopting and implementing digital financial literacy among its citizens. Effective and efficient investment decision-making has become vital in the current economic context, where financial information is widely available but often complex and difficult for the general public to interpret. The application of digital financial literacy can enhance individuals' abilities to manage personal finances and make wise investment decisions. However, there remains a gap in knowledge and practice in the field that hinders the optimal use of digital financial literacy. The urgency of this research lies in strengthening digital financial literacy within the community. By understanding its influence on investment decision-making, strategies can be developed to improve awareness and understanding of digital finance, thereby helping the public make more informed investment decisions. This study aims to analyze the application of digital financial literacy in the investment decision-making system in Padangsidimpuan City. The method used in this research is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a systematic approach to solving complex decision-making problems through the ranking and evaluation of various criteria and alternatives. AHP was chosen for its unique ability to handle both subjective and objective preferences and decision-making complexities, making it highly suitable for examining the phenomenon of digital financial literacy in the context of investment decision-making.

Implementation of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Method in the Lecturer Performance Evaluation System at IBBI University Medan Based on the Balanced Scorecard

Jaman Amadi, S Sipur, F Fajrillah, Rizaldy Khair — Mon, 06 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In the era of globalization and increasingly competitive higher education, lecturer performance evaluation has become a crucial aspect for improving the quality of education. IBBI University Medan recognizes the importance of implementing an effective and efficient lecturer performance evaluation system to ensure that lecturers can make maximum contributions to the achievement of educational goals. The urgency of this research lies in the need to integrate the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method with the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework to create a comprehensive lecturer performance evaluation system. The main objective of this research is to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method in the lecturer performance evaluation system at IBBI University Medan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to collect data from various stakeholders, including students, lecturers, and administrative staff. The collected data is then analyzed using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify gaps between expectations and realities in lecturer performance. The Balanced Scorecard is used as a framework to integrate the IPA results with the university's strategic objectives. This research is expected to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of implementing the IPA method based on the Balanced Scorecard in the lecturer performance evaluation system. Through this research, IBBI University Medan aims to develop a lecturer performance evaluation system that is not only fair and transparent but also aligned with the university’s strategic goals, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of education quality.

Optimization of Hospital Patient Management through a Combined RFM and Fuzzy C-Means Approach: Enhancing Service Efficiency and Quality

Cut Roza Asminanda, Widiya Nisa, Iswandi Idris, Ruri Aditya Sari, Rizaldy Khair — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Healthcare services in Indonesia are considered inadequate, particularly in patient management at hospitals, which face significant challenges related to operational efficiency and service quality. With underlying issues such as limited capacity and resources, the variability of patient needs, and difficulties in predicting visit patterns, this research highlights the urgency of optimizing patient management through an innovative approach. This study aims to develop an effective patient management model by combining the RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) method with Fuzzy C-Means. This approach is expected to provide a more accurate understanding of patient behavior and needs, enabling more effective resource allocation and improved service quality. The research methodology involves a literature review, data collection and preprocessing, clustering using the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm, cluster validation, patient characteristic analysis, and report preparation. Transaction and registration data from patients at Malahayati Hospital Medan, covering the period from January 2023 to March 2024, serve as the basis for the analysis

Development of SMART-Based Soft Skills: Integration of STEM, HOTS Based on Project-Based Learning for Vocational Students

Muhammad Furqon, Aris Riyanto, Iswandi Idris — Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The 21st-century workforce requires a strong foundation in both technical and soft skills, particularly in vocational education. This study investigates the development of soft skills among vocational students through the SMART model, integrating STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) within a project-based learning (PBL) framework. The aim is to foster critical soft skills, such as problem-solving, collaboration, and communication, essential for adapting to the ever-evolving demands of the modern workforce. The study explores the impact of this integrative approach and assesses students' progress through a series of technical projects. Preliminary findings suggest that the SMART model can significantly enhance students' preparedness for the workforce, equipping them with the necessary skills to thrive in complex and dynamic environments.

Blockchain-Based Optimization of Raw Material Inventory: Enhancing Efficiency in Salak Sidimpuan Agricultural Production

Ahmad Suyuti Pulungan, Nirmala Haty Harahap, Iswandi Idris — Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary tool in supply chain management, offering enhanced transparency, security, and efficiency. This study explores the implementation of blockchain technology to optimize raw material inventory management in Salak Sidimpuan agricultural production. Using data from farmers and cooperatives, the research analyzes the impact of blockchain on production efficiency, leveraging a PLS-SEM model for statistical analysis. Results indicate a significant improvement in inventory efficiency, leading to reduced costs and improved trust among stakeholders. The findings suggest blockchain as a viable solution for transforming traditional agricultural supply chains.

Enhancing Consumer Experience at Modern Coffee Shops through Analysis of Customer Acquisition Cost, Lifetime Value, and Implementation of Blockchain Technology: A Case Study in Medan City

Edi Winata, Ade Rahma Ayu, Iswandi Idris — Thu, 09 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores the influence of Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC), Lifetime Value (LTV), and Blockchain Technology on consumer experience in modern coffee shops in Medan. The research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, using surveys, interviews, and regression analysis to identify key relationships. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between CAC, LTV, and consumer satisfaction, showing that optimized acquisition costs and higher customer lifetime value enhance consumer experience. Furthermore, the implementation of Blockchain Technology in these coffee shops has led to increased transparency and trust, further elevating the consumer experience. Coffee shops that adopted blockchain technology showed higher customer loyalty and operational efficiency. These results provide actionable insights for coffee shop owners and stakeholders to improve their marketing strategies and remain competitive in a dynamic market

Impact of Multidisciplinary Project Based Learning on Teacher Collaboration Skill

Epong Utami, K Khaerudin, Murni Winarsih — Sat, 15 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The digital era requires students to be able to improve their 21st century abilities. One approach that can be used is project-based learning. This ability improvement must also be supported by all teachers so that there is a need for teacher collaboration in carrying out project-based learning. This form of collaboration can be done by integrating each subject in accordance with the project theme to not only provide knowledge but also the mentoring process from the planning stage to the assessment at the project exhibition. To realize this, it is necessary to implement multidisciplinary project-based learning. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the application of multidisciplinary project-based learning on improving teachers' collaboration skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with 6 respondents of teachers who teach grades 7 and 8 at the School of Human Junior High School. The data collection used is by observation both before and after the implementation of multidisciplinary project-based learning. The results of the observation are then reflected qualitatively with the indicators of collaboration skills observed following Greenstein's (2012) theory, namely (1) actively participating; (2) work productively; (3) be re-sponsible; (4) flexibility and compromise; (5) mutual respect between group members. The results of this study show that there is an improvement in teachers' collaboration skills after the implementation of multidisciplinary project-based learning. 4 out of 5 indicators are categorized as very good and 1 indicator is categorized as good. Significant changes are found in the attitude of responsibility of each member towards the projects implemented.

The Improving the Professional Competence of High School Teachers in Yogyakarta Through the Development of Classroom Action Research Management (PTK) Based on Android Mobile Applications

Danu Eko Agustinova, Nur Lailly Tri Wulansari , Kurnia Nur Fitriana — Sun, 23 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The need and skills to write scientific papers through classroom action research are a must for every educator. Classroom action research is part of evaluating a series of learning processes and continuous professional development (PKB) by the law mandate. This study aims to develop an integrated service system for classroom action research based on Android mobile applications to facilitate educators in developing professionalism competencies on an ongoing basis. This research uses the research and development method with the 4D development model, which includes (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Development, and (4) Disseminate. The advantages of the products developed in this study are (1) open access, (2) adoption of the latest digital platform-based information technology innovations, (3) improving digital literacy, (4) building Penta helix collaboration between government, private, community, non-governmental organizations, universities, and mass media, (5) easy to apply and economical in access, (6) encouraging unlimited creativity, (7) using sustainable materials, (8) developing application-based PTK training management and encouraging the improvement of professional competence of high school teachers in Yogyakarta.

Modern Educational Management Practices at Walisongo Islamic Boarding School, Sragen, Central Java to Welcome the Era of Society 5.0

Ali Muhksin, Toto Suharto, Fauzi Muharrom, Mifedwil Jandra — Sun, 23 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article reveals how the process of modern education management is practically implemented in the world of Islamic boarding schools, especially at the Walisongo Islamic Boarding School, Sragen, Central Java. This management is key to the ongoing development and adaption of Islamic boarding school education to the times. The ongoing Society 5.0 era requires Islamic boarding schools to adapt to management methods with new methods, not with old patterns. This requires Islamic boarding school education to be able to adapt in order to produce competent graduates. By using qualitative research methods which focus on field studies, this study examines how the phenomena of Islamic boarding school education must adapt to the framework of society 5.0 which requires a new breakthrough framework in the world of education. They must be able to innovate, be creative and always think forward to produce a good generation. Society 5.0 requires education to be entrenched in a futuristic framework. This means that the patterns that must be developed by educational institutions invite students to be able to adapt to their environment and merge with their society. Not using old patterns that are traditional in nature that are isolated from their society. Therefore, there must be good management in managing an institution as large as an Islamic boarding school. The management carried out must encompass four important aspects, namely planning, organizing, actuating , and evaluating, no longer just focusing on one direction and policy that is not in accordance with the vision and mission of renewal and development of reasoning. This is done by PP Walisongo so that the students can follow the development of the times

Examining Foreign Language Anxiety’s Impact on English Education Students’ Speaking Skills at Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau

A Ardiya, Serai Wangi Bumi, N Nurfaisal — Sun, 23 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Anxiety is widely recognized for its significant impact on language learners' performance, commonly known as Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in language learning contexts. A major source of this anxiety is the fear of negative evaluation. This study aimed to investigate how English education students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau perceive the fear of negative evaluation in relation to their speaking ability. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method, the study employed convenience sampling to select participants from the English education program. Data collection involved distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews to gain deeper insights into students' perspectives. The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of students (63.2%) reported experiencing fear of negative evaluation during their speaking classes. The primary concern identified among participants was the fear of making mistakes in front of both lecturers and peers, with an overwhelming majority (94.7%) expressing agreement on this issue. This study sheds light on the specific anxieties faced by English education students in a university context, underscoring the pervasive impact of fear of negative evaluation on their language learning experiences. By exploring these perceptions, the study contributes valuable insights into understanding the psychological barriers that hinder students' speaking abilities in the English language classroom. Addressing these anxieties is crucial for developing effective strategies to support students in overcoming their fear and enhancing their language proficiency and confidence

The Correlation between Mindfulness and Flourishing of Elementary Teachers in the Merdeka Curriculum Era

I Dewa Ayu Eka Purba Dharma Tari, I Made Mahaardhika — Tue, 08 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The study aims to analyze the relationship between mindfulness teaching and the level of teacher flourishing at elementary schools in Denpasar during the Merdeka Curriculum era. The study involved 30 elementary school teachers who were selected through a purposive sampling technique using a quantitative approach and correlational design. The data were collected through a questionnaire adopting the MAAS and PERMA Profiler instruments and analyzed using simple linear regression aided by SPSS. The results showed a significant positive relationship between mindfulness teaching and flourishing, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.469 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.220. This finding indicates that 22% of the variation in flourishing can be explained by mindfulness teaching. Teachers who displayed more mindfulness exhibited better emotional, social, and psychological well-being, and were able to face professional challenges more positively. The study provides theoretical and practical contributions, confirming the importance of mindfulness teaching in improving teachers' flourishing while encouraging the development of mindfulness training to support teachers' roles in dynamic educational environments.

Teaching Factory Management in the Hospitality Sector in Improving the Quality of Vocational High School Graduates

Syaiful Mujab, Hanafiah Hanafiah, Teti Ratnawulan, Ida Tejawiani — Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

his study analyzes the management of teaching factory programs in the hospitality sector to improve the quality of vocational high school graduates, which has not been optimal across planning, organizing, implementation, and supervision. Using George R. Terry’s management theory and a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal: (1) Planning has been well-executed, focusing on goal setting, competency strategies, teaching module preparation, and facility analysis; (2) Organizing involves systematic determination of personnel, infrastructure, and student roles, aligned with industrial needs and school regulations; (3) Implementation follows established standard operating procedures to ensure competency-based training; and (4) Supervision includes ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure alignment with plans and promote continuous improvement. Overall, teaching factory management has contributed to graduate competency development aligned with the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) and industry demands. Key supporting factors include professional human resources, adequate facilities, student involvement, and support from the government and industry sectors.

Early Childhood Education Curriculum Development Policy through Plants Utilization as Nature-Based Learning Media

Nurtina Irsad Rusdiani, Betty Yulia Wulansari, Ardhana Januar Mahardhani — Sat, 12 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The implementation of early childhood education curriculum in Indonesia is very diverse. The current curriculum policy only regulates minimum standards that can be developed according to the conditions of the school environment. One of them is the development of a nature-based learning curriculum. This paper aims to explain the use of one of the principles of nature-based learning for early childhood in the early childhood education curriculum, namely learning to utilize nature. One of the media that can be used for learning in nature-based learning is plants. The method of writing this paper is a literature study, namely through books, journals, papers, and the use of social media to obtain valid and accountable data. The results of the discussion of this paper explain how to use roots, stems, twigs, leaves, flowers, and fruits as early childhood learning media in the early childhood learning curriculum. The results of this study can be used by teachers so that learning activities can be more diverse and interesting

The existence of Suara Waditra in the Knowledge Sharing Framework

Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Suara Waditra Community Radio is a community radio based in Sukasetia Village, Cisayong District, Tasikmalaya Regency. This radio has a broadcasting permit from the Minister of Communication and Information in 2018. Suara Waditra Community Radio is still continuing to broadcast both to convey information about the village and just for entertainment. The aim of this research is to find out the existence of Suara Waditra Community Radio in the community, especially in context knowledge sharing. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Research data was collected through interviews and observations. This research shows that Suara Waditra Community Radio faces significant problems related to a lack of human resources. Radio can only broadcast a limited number and quality of programs due to these conditions, often with a focus on entertainment programming rather than educational or awareness programming. The development and success of community radio is also hampered by the lack of community participation in supporting radio operations through funding and active involvement as a broadcasting institution. In addition, this research found that Suara Waditra Community Radio still has loyal listeners, especially among the elderly and those who have not fully used modern technology, despite competition from digital media. The Village Corner program shows how community radio can help empower communities and spread local information that is not reported by mainstream media.

Assessment of Speaking Skills (Maharah Kalam) in Arabic Language Lesson at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Riyadlus Sholihien Jember

Tirto Luqmanul Hakim, Abdul Haris, Mokhammad Miftakhul Huda — Tue, 15 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the Evaluation of Learning Speaking Skills (Maharah Kalam) in Arabic Subjects at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Riyadlus Sholihien Jember. The purpose of this study was to understand how the implementation and evaluation techniques of learning speaking skills (Maharah kalam) in Arabic language lesson at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Riyadlus Sholihien Jember. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data analysis through documentation, observation, and interviews. After data collection, analysis was conducted to evaluate the study results. The research findings show that the learning of speaking skills (Maharah kalam) in Arabic language lesson at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Riyadlus Sholihien Jember runs well. Teachers apply various methods such as singing to strengthen vocabulary memorization, The qowaid method, and translation. Although students are disciplined in terms of attendance, some students do not prepare learning equipment such as assignment books. The evaluation of speaking skill learning uses test and non-test techniques, where test techniques have been well implemented especially, in learning speaking skills but the implementation of non-test techniques is not optimal and depends on the initiative of the teacher.

Mapping of Early Childhood Education’s Capacity in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Malang City

Tue, 15 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The capacity to implement Early Childhood Education serves as a key quality benchmark in inclusive education, facilitating education for children with special needs alongside regular students. With increasing demand for inclusive schools, it is crucial to map educational institutions' capacities. This research aims to assess the capacity for inclusive education implementation in Malang City. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture, inclusive education capacity covers 14 aspects: regulations, management, funding, organization, socialization, physical environment, facilities, services, human resources, competency development, referrals and partners, data management, curriculum, and support systems. Employing a quantitative survey approach, this study involved distributing a questionnaire of 55 items covering the 14 aspects to 25 kindergarten schools across five sub-districts in Malang City. Findings reveal that only 12% of institutions possess a high capacity, while 88% fall into the medium category. Specific aspect evaluations showed: Regulations (89.30%), Management (72.60%), Funding (50.00%), Organization (47.60%), Socialization (47.60%), Physical Environment (47.60%), Facilities (45.30%), Services (35.65%), Human Resources (32.30%), Competency Development (31.70%), Referrals and Partners (28.50%), Data (24.40%), Curriculum (23.80%), and Support Systems (23.80%). Conclusively, inclusive Early Childhood Education in Malang City remains suboptimal. Implementation barriers include low awareness among community members, parents, and teachers regarding special needs contexts, limited facilities, insufficient competent educators, inadequate local governmental support, and budgetary constraints

Evaluation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project Program at Public Middle Schools in Badung Regency

I Gusti Dian Ayu Purnamasari, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, I Made Yudana — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Enhancement Project program at SMP Negeri Badung Regency, a case study of SMP Negeri 4 Abiansemal. This study is an evaluative study with a quantitative descriptive approach using the CIPP method (context, input, process and product). The population of this study was the P5 Project Team (Principal, School Treasurer and project implementing teachers) of class VIII totaling 18 people, and class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Abiansemal in the 2024-2025 academic year totaling 235 people. The research sample was a saturated sample for the project team totaling 18 people and 148 students determined by the simple random sampling method. The data collection techniques used were interviews to obtain initial information regarding the implementation of P5, questionnaires as the main data source, and observations to strengthen the results of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was compiled using a Likert scale (1-5). Data analysis was carried out on the CIPP variables using the direction of the T value of each variable to determine the effectiveness of the program. The results of this study are the effectiveness of the P5 program from the contact aspect obtained positive (+) or effective results. The input aspect obtained positive (+) or effective results, the process aspect obtained positive (+) or effective results, and the product aspect obtained negative (-) or ineffective results.

Analysis of Al-Qur'an Memorization Ability based on STIFIn Intuiting and Feeling Test Results on Tahfidz Program Students of MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember

Binti Risalatus Salafiyah, Moh. Sahlan, Indah Wahyuni — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Memorizing the Qur'an is a highly valued activity in Islam, but this process is not always easy and can be affected by various factors, both internal and external. The STIFIn test, which is a tool for mapping individual potential based on basic brain functions, was used to identify students' learning styles that can support the memorization process. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method, which involves collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation in the field. The data analysis used in the research is interactive analysis, namely through data collection, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that students with intuiting intelligence type rely more on semantic memory and imagination to understand the context and translation, they start the memorization process by reading and understanding the translation which serves as a memory booster, while feeling type students emphasize more on a conducive learning atmosphere and meticulous repetition where they prefer to memorize gradually with a focus on deep understanding of each lafaz and its meaning. These findings provide important insights into effective strategies in memorizing the Qur'an, as well as the importance of understanding each student's potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Application of PowerPoint Media in Think Pair Share (TPS) Cooperative Learning to Increase Students' Learning Activity and Independence

Intan Azka Fathiyah, Moh. Sahlan, Lailatul Usriyah, Mundir Mundir — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines how PowerPoint media can increase student activeness and independence in Think Pair Share (TPS). This report uses a case study from a junior high school with several pupils as subjects. PowerPoint is utilized to show learning materials interactively and interestingly, and the TPS learning paradigm encourages student involvement. Data is collected by observation, interviews, and documentation analysis and examined descriptively qualitatively. The study found that PowerPoint media in TPS cooperative learning increases student involvement in group discussions and partner idea sharing. Because it encourages students to actively seek information and share opinions, this media also boosts learning freedom. The TPS learning paradigm using PowerPoint media creates a more dynamic learning environment and improves classroom learning, according to this study. This study examines how PowerPoint media can improve students' active and independent learning in cooperative Think Pair Share (TPS) learning. This report uses a case study from a junior high school with several pupils as subjects. Power-Point media is used to make learning materials interactive and exciting, and the TPS learning approach encourages student involvement. Data was collected by observation, interviews, and documentation analysis and examined qualitatively. The study found that PowerPoint media in TPS cooperative learning increases student activity in group discussions and when sharing opinions with partners. Because this media encourages students to actively seek information and share opinions, it also boosts learning freedom. The TPS learning paradigm using PowerPoint media creates a more dynamic learning environment and improves classroom learning, according to this study