Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal

Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district

2025-04-17T21:46:49+07:00

Background: According to the Ministry of Health, 91% of active tuberculosis (TB) cases in Indonesia occur in crowded and slum areas. The Healthy Homes Program under the Healthy Indonesia Indicators (2010) aims to improve housing conditions in such areas to meet health standards. Malang District, with the second-highest housing density in East Java, ranks fifth in TB cases, suggesting residential exposure as a contributing factor.

Objectives: This study aims to map trends and examine the correlation between healthy home coverage and TB incidence in the Malang District Health Center Working Area 2019-2021.

Methods: The study was conducted in January-April 2023 at the Malang District Health Office with a unit of analysis of 39 health centers. The variables of this study were the coverage of healthy homes and the incidence of BTA-positive pulmonary TB. The study used a mixed ecological study and Pearson correlation test with secondary data from the Malang District Health Office and BPS.

Results: TB incidence showed a decreasing trend alongside increasing healthy home coverage. Nine health centers remained in high-incidence zones, and five exhibited poor housing coverage. Correlation analysis revealed a weak, negative relationship (r = -0.084). High TB incidence was still found in areas meeting healthy home criteria.

Conclusions: The incidence rate of BTA-positive pulmonary TB in the working area of the Malang District Health Center showed a downward trend for 3 years. Future research using individual data and other specific risk factors that may influence TB incidence is recommended.

Effectiveness of fly traps with a variety of baits on the number of flies trapped in the primary market among farmers in Batu city

2025-04-14T15:20:38+07:00

Background: Diarrhea is one of the top ten diseases in Batu City. One of the vectors causing this disease is flies, often found in traditional market environments. Fly control efforts can be carried out using traps combined with various types of bait, but the effectiveness of trap and bait variations has not been systematically studied.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of fly traps with various baits on the number of flies trapped in Among Tani Main Market, Batu City.

Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only group design. The variables observed were the number of flies trapped in three types of traps (bottles, nets, and blocks) and three variations of bait (shrimp, fish gills, and chicken offal). Traps were set for two hours for three days with three repetitions. The instruments used were modified fly traps and laboratory inventory. Data were analyzed using Levene's test for homogeneity and one-way ANOVA to determine differences between treatments.

Results: ANOVA test results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between bait and trap variations in the number of flies trapped. However, bottle traps with fish gill bait descriptively showed the highest number of catches (395 flies over three days).

Conclusions: Although there was no statistically significant difference, the bottle trap with fish gill bait was descriptively the most effective at catching flies. This study suggests using bottle traps with fish gill bait as an alternative to fly control in the market environment. Further research is recommended to examine the effect of environmental conditions and types of fly species on the effectiveness of traps and baits.

Impact of large-scale social restrictions on air quality (NO₂, CO, O₃) during COVID-19: Surabaya case study, Indonesia

2025-04-14T14:25:05+07:00

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic galvanized the world at the end of 2019. It was identified as an attack on humans and spread very quickly almost all over the world. As the person in charge of protecting the community, the government makes a policy that can suppress the spread of the COVID-19 virus.

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether implementing large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) in the COVID-19 period (2020 to 2021) impacts air quality in Surabaya City, East Java.

Methods: This quantitative research uses an Analysis of Secondary Data (ADS) approach by utilizing secondary data as the primary source. This research was conducted at the Surabaya City Environmental Service, East Java Province, in July - August 2021, with the total population being all the results of NO2, O3, and CO air quality measurements in 2020-2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020 to December 2021 at monitoring stations in Surabaya City. This study uses Wilcoxon test analysis.

Results: The results showed that implementing the first phase of large-scale social restrictions had no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.068). Implementing the transitional PSBB (second stage) had no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.068). Implementing the first and second phases of the PSBB has no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.173).

Conclusions: The implementation of PSBB Phase One and PSBB Phase Two (transition period) did not significantly impact the air quality of NO2, CO, or O3 gases in Surabaya City. This finding challenges the common assumption that lockdowns automatically improve air quality and emphasizes the need for more comprehensive environmental policies.

Effectiveness of 3D poster in improving menstrual hygiene knowledge among adolescent girls: A quasi-experimental study

2025-04-14T16:59:01+07:00

Background: Personal hygiene during menstruation is important and must be applied during the menstrual cycle. Suppose personal hygiene during menstruation is not maintained correctly. In that case, adolescent girls have the potential to experience health problems such as vaginal discharge, irritation of the genital area, allergies, inflammation, and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). As many as 75% of women in Indonesia have experienced vaginal discharge once, while 45% have experienced it more than 2 times.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of 3D posters in increasing knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation.

Methods: The research method used was Research and Development (R&D), which was conducted through a pre-experimental approach with one group pretest-posttest. Ninety-five adolescent girls in class VII of State Junior High School 13 Malang participated in the study obtained using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a closed-type questionnaire with 10 items to measure knowledge.

Results: The 3D poster product obtained a percentage value of media feasibility of 95% for the media aspect and 92% for the material aspect, which means it is very feasible to use. After the intervention, it is known that there is an effect of providing health education using 3D posters on the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding personal hygiene during menstruation according to the p-value = 0.000 from the Wilcoxon test.

Conclusions: Personal hygiene education during menstruation should be done more often to improve the knowledge of adolescent girls. The findings support the use of 3D media in menstrual health promotion, especially in schools with limited resources.

Development of snakes and ladders game to increase knowledge of the dangers of smoking among elementary school students: A quasi-experimental study in Malang, Indonesia

2025-04-14T16:13:13+07:00

Background: The smoking trend has now infected school-age children, with 19.2% of students aged 13-15 years in Indonesia and 2,859 children in Malang City recorded as active smokers, which is influenced by a lack of understanding of the dangers of smoking. Educational interventions such as Snakes and Ladders game-based health promotion media must be developed to build a culture of not smoking from an early age.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop educational game media in the form of snakes and ladders as a tool for delivering health information about the dangers of smoking to students of Oro-Oro Dowo Malang State Elementary School.

Methods: Research and Development (R&D) type research with a one-group pretest and posttest trial aims to determine the effectiveness of the Snakes and Ladders game as a health promotion media on the dangers of smoking behavior. The subjects needed in this study are media experts, material experts, and students aged 9-13 years as research samples.

Results: The average result of increasing knowledge is 0.000 using the Wilcoxon test, so there is a difference in the average value of knowledge in the pretest and posttest data. In the feasibility test results, the assessment results were obtained in the very feasible category. Game media is effective and very feasible to be a health promotion media in efforts to promote the dangers of smoking in children.

Conclusions: The Snakes and Ladders game media developed is feasible to be a health promotion media in efforts to promote the dangers of smoking behavior in children. The Snakes and Ladders game media influences increasing students' knowledge of Oro-Oro Dowo Malang State Elementary School about the dangers of smoking. Further research needs to evaluate media's long-term impact and adaptation in various socio-cultural contexts.