CRediT Author Contributions

Transparency in Research Contributions

CRediT Author Contributions

The Journal of Science and Education (JSE) uses the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT) to describe individual contributions to research and manuscript preparation. Authors must provide a contribution statement identifying the work performed by each author.

CRediT complements the journal's authorship requirements; it does not replace them or independently establish eligibility for authorship.

The 14 Contributor Roles

Select only roles that accurately reflect the work performed. The following descriptions summarise the official CRediT roles.

1. Conceptualization
Defining research questions and objectives.
2. Data curation
Organising, documenting, cleaning, and maintaining data for reuse.
3. Formal analysis
Analysing or synthesising data using formal techniques.
4. Funding acquisition
Obtaining financial support for the research.
5. Investigation
Performing research activities and collecting evidence.
6. Methodology
Designing research methods or models.
7. Project administration
Coordinating research planning and implementation.
8. Resources
Providing materials, equipment, facilities, or other research resources.
9. Software
Developing, implementing, or testing code and algorithms.
10. Supervision
Providing research oversight, leadership, and mentorship.
11. Validation
Checking the reproducibility of research methods and results.
12. Visualization
Preparing figures and other visual presentations of findings.
13. Writing – original draft
Preparing the initial manuscript, including substantive translation.
14. Writing – review & editing
Critically reviewing and revising the manuscript.

Role names and descriptions are adapted from CRediT / NISO . The taxonomy is available under CC BY 4.0 . This attribution concerns the taxonomy, not the licence applied to JSE articles.

Preparing the Contribution Statement

  1. Include a section titled Author Contributions in the manuscript's declarations or end matter, before the references.
  2. Identify each author using the same name as in the manuscript and assign the applicable CRediT roles. Use initials only when they are unambiguous.
  3. An author may hold several roles, and several authors may share the same role. Not all 14 roles need to apply.
  4. Where useful, indicate shared contributions as lead, equal, or supporting. Percentages are not required.
  5. The corresponding author coordinates the statement. Every author must review and confirm their assigned roles and approve the final statement before publication.
  6. For single-author manuscripts, identify the roles actually performed by the sole author.

For double-anonymous review, provide the named statement in a separate title page or author-information file designated for the editorial office. Remove identifying contribution details from the manuscript sent to reviewers. Include the approved statement in the final publication.

Example Statement

The names and contributions below are illustrative. Replace them with an accurate account of the submitted work.

Author Contributions

Author One: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft.

Author Two: Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing.

Author Three: Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing.

All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript and agreed to the contribution statement.

Authorship, Acknowledgements and Updates

Contributors who do not meet the journal's authorship requirements should be recognised in the acknowledgements, with their permission, rather than added to the author list. Their contributions may also be described using CRediT roles.

A contribution statement does not replace separate funding, competing-interest, ethical-approval, or AI-use disclosures. For example, assigning the Funding acquisition role does not replace identification of the funding source.

Report proposed changes to contribution statements to the editorial office with an explanation and confirmation from the affected contributors. Authorship changes, disputes, and corrections to published statements are handled under the journal's Publication Ethics policy.