Management of Student Character Development Through Innovative Habituation Programs in Two Indonesian Elementary Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58905/jse.v7i1.1.798Keywords:
Character Development, Educational Management, Elementary Schools, Habituation, Innovative HabitsAbstract
Student character development is a core aim of basic education, yet habituation programs in elementary schools are often run as sporadic activities rather than as managed programs. This study describes and analyzes how character development through innovative habituation is managed according to Terry’s functions of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling (POAC) at two Indonesian elementary schools: SD Negeri Sukalaksana in rural Cianjur Regency and SD Negeri Cihideung in peri-urban Bandung Regency. A qualitative multi-site case study collected data from sixteen informants, comprising principals, teachers, and parents, through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document study. The data were analyzed with the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, and trustworthiness was established through source and technique triangulation, member checking, and an audit trail. Planning was based on the identification of student behavioral problems; organizing distributed roles among the principal, homeroom and subject teachers, and student Character Ambassadors; actuating combined routine, spontaneous, and integrated habituation supported by role modeling and kindness-based leadership; and controlling relied on anecdotal records, staff reflection, and parent liaison books. The two schools shared the same managerial logic but delivered it through channels shaped by their settings. Both showed three administrative weaknesses: no measurable written indicators, no formal organizational chart for the program, and no standardized behavioral assessment rubrics. The study concludes that habituation managed through the POAC cycle is effective in shaping student character, provided that practical strength is matched by administrative formalization.
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